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HKSE
Heat Killed Staphylococcus epidermidis
HKSE is a heat killed preparation of the Gram positive bacterium, Staphylococcus epidermidis.
S. epidermidis is a ubiquitous skin commensal and a major cause of nosocomial bacteremia, particularly in immunocompromised patients and those with implantable medical devices.
The recognition and clearance of S. epidermidis bacteremia is known to be mediated by the toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 [1]. In vitro studies demonstrate that cell wall components from this bacterium, such as peptidoglycan (PGN), are recognized by TLR2 [2].
HKSE can stimulate TLR2 and induce the production of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β [3, 4].
Specificity: TLR2 agonist
Working concentration: 107 - 109 HKSE cells/ml.
Solubility: Insoluble (resuspended HKSE results in a cloudy suspension) |