|
3'3'-cGAMP
STING Ligand
3’3’-cGAMP (cyclic [G(3’,5’)pA(3’,5’)p], previously known as cGAMP) is a cyclic di-nucleotide produced by bacteria. 3’3’-cGAMP is also referred to as "canonical" cGAMP due the presence of the classical 3’-5’ phosphodiester linkages between the guanosine and the adenosine.
Recently, 3’3’-cGAMP was reported to bind STING (stimulator of IFN genes) and subsequently induce TBK1-IRF3-dependent production of IFN-β [1]. Studies in bacteria revealed that 3’3’-cGAMP serves as a second messenger and plays a role in bacterial chemotaxis and colonization [2].
Structural and functional studies revealed that the canonical 3’3’-cGAMP produced by bacteria is distinct from the noncanonical 2’3’-cGAMP produced by mammalian cGAS [3]. Certain variants of STING are able to distinguish between canonical and noncanonical cGAMP [4].
3’3’-cGAMP is more potent in activating IRF3 than c-di-IMP, c-di-AMP and c-diGMP, other cyclic dinucleotides that also bind to STING [5].
Activity: STING ligand
Synonym: cyclic GMP-AMP; c-GpAp diammonium salt
Formula: C20H22N10O13P2 .2NH4
Molecular weight: 708.47
Solubility: 1 mg/ml in water
Quality control:
- Purity and structure controlled by LC/MS and NMR: ≥ 95%
- Biological activity is assessed by measuring induction of the interferon pathway in THP1-Blue™ ISG cells.
- The absence of bacterial contamination (endotoxins, peptidoglycans) is controlled using HEK-Blue™ TLR2 and HEK-Blue™ TLR4 cells. |