|
HKAL
Heat Killed A. laidlawii
Acholeplasma laidlawii, a member of the mycoplasma family, is a cell wall-less bacteria. Despite the absence of classical modulins found in microbial cell walls, such as LPS and lipoteichoic acid, mycoplasma are potent activators of macrophages [1]. Heat killed mycoplasma such as HKAL induce higher stimulation of macrophage than lipoproteins from Gram-bacteria, even at low concentrations [2]. This response is mediated by TLR2 and MyD88. Stimulation with HKAL induces rapid activation of NF-κB and the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Specificity: TLR2 agonist
Working concentration: 106-108 cells/ml
Endotoxin level: EndoFit™ (<0.001 EU/μg)
Solubility: Insoluble (resuspended HKAL results in a cloudy suspension) |